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| Festivities in Windsor Castle by Paul Sandby, c. 1776 (source) |
The first thing I heard about Bonfire Night was a commercial on the radio for Heinz tomato soup. The voice said something like, "When your family and friends are gathered around the bonfire this weekend, everyone will be expecting tomato soup. Make it Heinz tomato soup." I was like, "HUH?"
The next night there was some police excitement in our neighborhood* when I came in with the boys at 5:30 (already dark, keep in mind, and Mike's not here). So I'm making dinner and I hear a loud thump-noise that sounded like it was coming from the back alley. I am already jumpy, so I call 999 (the UK's 911) and ask if they know what was going on on our street and whether I could have heard someone in the back garden. The policeman says, "There were a couple of teenagers and a robbery in progress, but we've apprehended the suspects. What you heard was probably fireworks because of Guy Fawkes."
Well I was relieved that they caught the bad guys, but I was utterly confused about Guy Fawkes as I hung up the phone.
I got the full scoop last night when our friends Heather and Irvin invited the kids and I for dinner at their house. Irvin told us about how The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in relative terms, was on par with a 9-11 scale terrorist plot for that day and time. Here's the basic history lesson:
After Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, James I (son of Mary Queen of Scots) became king. Since I just finished reading Philippa Gregory's "The Other Queen," I was fully up-to-date on the rivalry between Elizabeth and Mary and the tension between the Protestants (supported by Elizabeth) and Catholics (supported by Mary) in England at that time.
Queen Elizabeth had persecuted and even tortured Catholics. And when James I came into power, people had hoped that he'd be more tolerant of Catholics, since his mother had been a Catholic. That turned out not to be the case, and the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was put in place by 13 conspirators.
The conspirators stored 36 barrels of gunpowder in a cellar under the House of Lords; their plan was to blow up the houses of Parliament, including the king, possibly the Prince of Wales, and the members of Parliament.
But with the plot in place, some of the 13 began to have second thoughts, realizing that pro-Catholic members of Parliament and innocent people would be killed. A warning letter was reportedly circulated and found its way to the king, and the plot was foiled. When guards stormed the gunpowder-laden cellar in the early hours of November 5, conspirator Guy Fawkes was there. He was caught, tortured, and executed.
That very night, bonfires were lit all over London to celebrate the fact that the king's life was spared. Over the years, burning effigies of Guy Fawkes and, later, The Pope, were added to the bonfires, which grew larger and larger.
From www.bonfirenight.net:
The tradition of Guy Fawkes-related bonfires actually began the very same year as the failed coup. The Plot was foiled in the night between the 4th and 5th of November 1605. Already on the 5th, agitated Londoners who knew little more than that their King had been saved, joyfully lit bonfires in thanksgiving. As years progressed, however, the ritual became more elaborate.
Soon, people began placing effigies onto bonfires, and fireworks were added to the celebrations. Effigies of Guy Fawkes, and sometimes those of the Pope, graced the pyres. Still today, some communities throw dummies of both Guy Fawkes and the Pope on the bonfire (and even those of a contemporary politician or two), although the gesture is seen by most as a quirky tradition, rather than an expression of hostility towards the Pope.
Preparations for Bonfire Night celebrations include making a dummy of Guy Fawkes, which is called "the Guy". Some children even keep up an old tradition of walking in the streets, carrying "the Guy" they have just made, and beg passersby for "a penny for the Guy." The kids use the money to buy fireworks for the evening festivities. On the night itself, Guy is placed on top of the bonfire, which is then set alight; and fireworks displays fill the sky.
The extent of the celebrations and the size of the bonfire varies from one community to the next. Lewes, in the South East of England, is famous for its Bonfire Night festivities and consistently attracts thousands of people each year to participate.
Bonfire Night is not only celebrated in Britain. The tradition crossed the oceans and established itself in the British colonies during the centuries. It was actively celebrated in New England as "Pope Day" as late as the 18th century. Today, November 5th bonfires still light up in far out places like New Zealand and Newfoundland in Canada.
Irvin was telling us that when he was a boy, people would start dragging things out of their houses three or four weeks before Bonfire Night, and that the pile would be as big as a house by the Fifth of November. Today, big bonfires like that are discouraged, and the holiday has sort-of taken a back seat to Halloween, which wasn't celebrated at all when Irvin was a kid. But there are fireworks displays around the country (we'll be going to one on Sunday night here in Whitley Bay), and small, private bonfires are still allowed. I meant to ask him about tomato soup, but forgot. That really doesn't seem like an easy-to-eat bonfire food, but what do I know?
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* Police excitement: When the boys and I were walking home at 5:30, there was a helicopter circling our end of town and three police cars parked with blue-lights flashing at the top of our street. I saw one policeman stationed at the foot of our alley, two walking down the sidewalk toward us, and a gaggle of them at the top of the street. I asked one (who looked a lot like Mike's brother Rocky), "Is it okay to go home?" and he said, "Aye, luv." I was nervous and way jumpy, but we got into the house, turned on all the lights, checked the closets, etc. (Thank God I don't have a shower curtain I had to pull back!!) On the one hand, I was thinking: "Can this be happening right here in my neighborhood?" but on the other hand I was thinking, "All this police presence for some teenagers breaking into a house?" So, I guess in the end, I felt good that they responded with such force for a burglary.